Polites themistocles themistocles

Photo Life History:

Habitat:  Valley Wet Meadows; Forest Edges

Host Plants: 

Suitable Lab Host Plants: Bromus inermus; Phalaris arundinacea; (Most any bunch grass or wide-bladed grass will serve as larval host plants in the lab.)

Caring for Live Female Butterflies:  Nectaring techniques

Methods of Female Oviposition:  Potted Plant Sleeves; Portable Cages.  Getting eggs from females is by far the most productive method of rearing this or any hesperine skippers that belong to the genera Hesperia, Polites, Pseudocopaeodes, Atalopedes, and Hylephila.

How to Find Eggs: 

How to Hatch Eggs:  Consolidate eggs into one container.

How to Find Caterpillars in the Field: Extremely difficult as larvae construct nests either at the base of bunch grasses or partially below the surface.  Again the best way to obtain caterpillars is to collect live females and get eggs.

Caterpillar setups:  Open terrarium or potted plant.  (If you dig up most any species of bunch grass from disturbed areas, the chances are larvae will accept them.)

Larva to Pupa:  Last instar caterpillars pupate right in their nests.

How to Find Pupae in the Field: 

Number of Broods per Year:  2-3; depending upon location

Overwintering Stage: 

Overwintering Strategies:  Your Own Backyard.  (Expose larvae to consistent humidity and airflow.) 

Post-Hibernation Strategies: Provide post-diapause caterpillars to healthy host plant.

Avoiding Diapause Techniques:  Again, provide larvae with healthy host plant and they will not diapause.

Disease Prevention: Not necessary for potted plant technique.  Change out host plant and remove frass every five to seven days using the open terrarium technique. 

Emergence:  Emergence Container

Field Notes:  Adults in the midwest are associated with power line right-of-ways, mountainous regions, and forest edges.